In Ukraine, explosive munitions have contaminated the soil with chemicals and heavy metals – hundreds of thousands of hectares will have to be surveyed and demined – and countless craters will have to be refilled.
We consider the cost of restoring Ukraine’s agricultural soils.
ffinlo Costain is joined by Professor Wilfred Dolfsma from Wageningen, who recently led a study into the economics of Ukrainian soil recovery – and by Nick Padwick from Wild Ken Hill.